Leadership Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Initiative Paper - Essay Example These pioneers draw their position from different traits including appeal, formal force or even conduct or veneration power. The pioneer impacts word related practices of people and gatherings through efficient structures, which encourages correspondence inside an association. Mill operator (2011) includes that authority, particularly business administration, requires some inalienable social and expert aptitudes so as to encourage execution of duties. For this situation, diverse business pioneers have distinctive administration abilities, which straightforwardly impact the achievement level of their practices. Pioneers with exhaustive and positive initiative abilities have high odds of accomplishing more prominent objectives contrasted with those with the base essential aptitudes. Obtaining of imperative administration abilities relies upon factors like social and financial foundation of a person. In such manner, we will represent the utilization of authority aptitudes by looking at one effective business pioneer inside the Islamic business setting. In the article, we include a powerful business pioneer from Saudi Arabia called Al-Waleed canister Talal. Al-Waleed, who has a place with the Saudi Royal family, is a business chief and a financial specialist. He was conceived in Jeddah on March 7, 1955. He gets his underlying foundations from Arabs most praised characters, King Abdul-Aziz Alsaud, who was the author and pioneer of Saudi Arabia. Also, he is the grandson of Raid El Solh, the notable figure behind Lebanon’s drive for autonomy. His dad, who is an individual from the illustrious family is Talai container Abdilaziz Al Saud and his mom Princes Mona El-Solh. His dad stays powerful in Saudi’s administration exceptional, particularly on issues identifying with the standard of law and national constitution the general public. Al-Waleed lives in the Saudi Arabia’s city of Riyadh with his significant other Princess Deborah and his two youngsters. Being an individual from the Royal family, Al-Waleed oversees i mmense individual and family riches

Research Paper Proposal Tips

Research Paper Proposal TipsA research paper proposal has been created by academics to produce results from the analysis of data for the betterment of society. These projects are carried out for a number of reasons like profit maximization, knowledge and dissemination of knowledge, strengthening community and so on.The job of a researcher is to come up with a proposal that comes with specifications as per the guidelines provided in a research paper proposal. There are some tips which need to be kept in mind while coming up with these specifications for a research paper proposal.It is not enough to just sit at home and wait for results from a research paper proposal. If the project is successful then the results can only come when it is presented in paper format. There is a need to prepare the research paper proposal in advance and then make sure the paper format is ready before the deadline.Many people do not like to work on the paper because they feel that the proposal cannot be eff ective. This is the right approach if you believe in doing a thesis or an essay on a research paper proposal. You have to get all your thoughts in one place and then go through it one by one to clarify your thoughts.You should ensure that the paper format is ready before the deadline because in many cases the deadline is only a few days away. There are a lot of options available in the internet for this purpose. You can find a lot of companies which will create a perfect paper for you.The computer helps in making the paper proposal as accurate as possible. All the specifications that you have filled in can be seen in a minute by the software. By the time you are able to finish the paper, you can go for the paper format and use a professional type that can easily be handled by people who are not familiar with it.The best way to get the best papers for the research paper proposal is to use the best software available in the market and use it. The software will make sure that all the s pecifications are completed in a moment and will allow you to see the paper format instantly.Even a simple research paper proposal can generate thousands of dollars. The main thing is to ensure that all the details are written in detail and that they can be easily understood by the research committee.

Reaction Paper of May Day Eve Essay

As I was perusing the story I was disturbed in light of some entanglement of the occasions occurred. It is the main story that I have experienced for the remainder of my school which I need to return to what I have quite recently perused. The circumstance in postmodern dream is progressively muddled. For postmodern characters, the limits among dream and the truth are obscured, the universes as similarly genuine. My own advantage isn't in the whole field of theoretical fiction however just in the advanced story, which is plummeted from the abstract fantasy and the philosophical story and, specifically, in current stories by Filipino ladies who write in English. It acknowledges more than one reality and more than one truth. Well apparently, it is about adoration the evening of May, the primary character is Anastasia Doã'a Agueda which they call as a witch, Don badoy montiya as a fiend and the young lady which is the girl of Agueda. This is a case of authenticity in anecdotal novel whe rein sentiment and love is happened. I think Nick Joaquin is keen on the place of the white collar class Maynilans. The young men route back on the past were very man of his word, attractive and exceptionally faithful to his affection one. The story spins for the most part around Badoy and Agueda and the horrendous marriage they had together. Badoy was once frantically enamored with Agueda, for the most part because of her looks from the depiction in the book. He didn't think a lot about her when they were more youthful and Agueda rejected him from the outset. Later on Agueda is seen utilizing an enchantment reflect asking who she should marry. The mirror answered to her that it ought to be Badoy, the man she had first won't. At the point when Don Badoy Montiya constrained Agueda to wed him, it shows the status of the ladies during the past. Love is a mind blowing thing, it simply occurred, as most sentimental people say that it how goes for Badoy and Agueda. Badoy told his kids how he sought their mom to have a solid connection to them. The peak of the story resembles remorsefully causing distress or feel sorry for, pitiable and regrettable. Shrink toâ contract and wrinkle, as from extraordinary warmth and cold as long as the anguish is the passionate which I included here. They decided to see the most exceedingly awful, yet at long last, it tends to be seen they were enamored. The most noticeably terrible in one another possibly came out when they decided to see it in the deplorable manner. The good could likewise be that reality comes regardless, and one simply needs to live with that reality whether it is fortunate or unfortunate. It additionally shows that young love will change and not generally remain. In the tale of Faith, Love and Dr. Lazaro you can relate of what is the significance of this three Life is too short to even think about stressing yourself to the things that isn't that issue in our day by day life. Above all else we need Faith so we can have vitality that props us up, it help us to be solid to the preliminaries we are experiencing, particularly in the manner in which we want to surrender. Love, we have to believe ourselves to be cherished too. To begin with, I considered connections or simply the things that is going on between two individuals who are enamored in light of its title. Yet, as I read it, I understand this is about a Doctor which is Lazaro who is particularly committed with his calling however have lost his confidence in God and time for his family. He lost his confidence in God at the time his more youthful child kicked the bucket, who really ended it all and furthermore on the grounds that he witness individuals who is experiencing profound agony but they despite everything bite the dust. He started to address God why there is such a great amount of enduring on the planet. Dr. Lazaro dedicated his opportunity to his calling that made him lost time for his family, that he doesn’t even get an opportunity to be nearer with his more established child. In any case, the scene that truly catches my consideration is when Dr. Lazaro and his child went to a wiped out youngster however sadly Dr. Lazaro neglected to protect the youngster, at that point the child sanctified through water the kid before it kicked the bucket. While on their way home Dr. Lazaro got an opportunity to converse with his child and askâ about the submersion that his child made. Therefore, it made him to consider his life and he’s conviction and marvel again about the lessons of the congregation which I think bring supported Dr. Lazaro’s confidence to God. As I consistently understanding this, it helped me the story to remember Lazarus in the Bible. Lazarus who’s revived in view of Martha’s confidence. All things considered, this story caused me to understand that we ought not lose confidence to God. Everything occurs for an explanation and God consistently is in charge. At long last, we ought not lose plan to God on the grounds that without him, we are nothing.

Aggression and Violence in the Media Essay - 661 Words

Assignment 2: Aggression and Violence in the Media Dr. Santiago Strayer University Social Psychology 110 May 30, 2015 1. Briefly describe at least one (1) episode of a television show in which you observed aggression or violence. Sons of Anarchy is a crime drama television series about the lives of a close-knit outlaw motorcycle club in Charming, CA. In one episode, the mother of the president of the motorcycle club shows her aggression and violence towards her son’s wife. During this episode, Tara wants out of this lifestyle and is threatening to take the couple’s two sons with her. At the same time, the DA is threatening to put Tara in jail if she doesn’t give them information on a recent school shooting that the MC†¦show more content†¦Her character is known for being the queen bee of the motorcycle club. She demonstrates violence in this episode because she was content with stopping Tara from ratting her son out to authorities. For example, she brutally murdered her daughter-in-law to protect her son from going to prison and to prevent her from taking her grandchild away from her. 3. Discuss at least two (2) possible reasons why the selected TV episode included aggression or violence. Provide a rationale for your response. The Son of Anarchy TV series is built on the foundation of aggression and violence. The motorcycle club made most of their money by illegal activities such as trafficking drugs, prostitution and by importing weapons to sell to other gangs. One reason this TV episode included aggression or violence was that Jackson was trying to save the club from being taken down by law enforcement. Another reason for aggression and violence in the episode is that Gemma was trying to protect her son from being put in prison. The SOA’s series lived and breathed on the unexpected twist and turns of their illegal and violent acts. 4. Describe at least two (2) ways that media violence can cause desensitization in people. Justify your response. The exposure to media violence can desensitize people to violence in the real world. It can make them less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. For Instance, someone who regularly watches violence on TV may begin to be less emotional aboutShow MoreRelatedThe Media Violence And Aggression1069 Words   |  5 PagesLiving in a world full of crime and violence, people begin to wonder what the cause of the violence is and how it can then be prevented. Unfortunately, there is not a single root cause that can be found when people attempt to decipher why children are deciding to bring guns to school and murder their peers. Some may believe that it was influenced by being exposed to a hostile family, violent films, or gory video games. Although sometimes this might be the case, a lot of the time it is not as blackRead MoreDoes Media Violence Cause Aggression in Children?2117 Words   |  9 PagesDoes Media Violence Cause Aggression in Children? Amber Holmberg Psych 204-01 March 23, 2011 The debate whether violence in the media increases aggression in children has been going on for decades. There have been hundreds of studies, experiments and articles supporting and opposing both sides of the argument. This essay is going to examine an article supporting and an article opposing the debate. The articles include â€Å"The Influence of Media Violence in Youth† which supports media violence causingRead MoreCorrelation Between Media Violence and Aggression Essay2342 Words   |  10 Pages The media in today’s society is very influential on children. There are many things that children at a very young age are learning, for example violence. Many children learn violent behavior and they become violent and aggressive children because they are exposed to so much mature content. Many parents are not aware of what their children are watching, and without knowing it, their children are raised by the media. Many television shows contain a lot of violence, for example kids fighting eachRead MoreMedia Violence And Its Effects1057 Words   |  5 Pages Media violence exposure has been investigated as a risk factor for aggression behavior for years. The impact of exposure to violence in the media the long term development and short term development of aggressive behavior has been documented. Aggression is caused by several factors, of which media violence is one. Research investigating the effects of media violence in conjunction with other predictors of aggression such as; environmental factors and dysfunction within the family household,Read MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence In The Media1212 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction With the recent increase in media presence throughout the world, there has also been an increase in violence portrayed through the media. Media violence is believed to be causing aggression in today’s youth and society. This paper will examine the potential reasons on how media violence is causing aggression Review of Literature In a study conducted, media psychologists, mass communication scientists, pediatricians, and parents all completed an anonymous online survey that asked whetherRead MoreMedia Aggression And Aggressive Behavior Essay1033 Words   |  5 Pagesreview examined just how aggression and aggressive behavior is depicted in the media and how this impacts society’s perspectives and thoughts when it comes to aggression behavior. There was a review of the literature by the authors, in which they analyzed the relational and physical aspects of aggression in many media aspects (film, broadcast television, music, books, and video games). Findings across media types, the evidence finds that both physical and relational aggression are portrayed often andRead MoreMedia Violence and Its Effect on Children Essay1112 Words   |  5 Pagessociety that violence in the country is on the rise. It is easy to see why this is a strong argument among the American people, especially because of the rising popularity of violent video games and television programs. However, as these violent video games and television shows are creating their own place in our society, the reports of violence among children are escalating. This correlation has been studied extensively in the scientific community in an attempt to discover whether media violence does negativelyRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Violence and its effects on Gamers In recent years there has been a significant increase of shooting incidents, specifically in America. When there is a shooting event the media is quick to question if the suspect had a history of playing violent video games. There is already the initial connection between video game violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Media Violence On Behavioral Violence916 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Media Violence on Behavioral Violence in Young Adults in America The influence of mass media has progressively increased in American society, but can the media have effects beyond mere entertainment and impartial information? American culture has become saturated with online news reports, social media, and media entertainment. Technology has become a major factor in America’s social environment. Much of the information gained from digital sources involves or portrays violence, and manyRead More`` Not Here : If We re Truly Serious About Stopping Massacres Like1687 Words   |  7 Pagesaddiction to evil† informs readers about the truth behind massacres. Metcalf says that violence performed in the form of mass killing have definite causes. People are fascinated by the violence. He further suggests that evil and mass killing incidents in Aurora and Port Arthur are just few examples of that evil. The evil in our society is growing in large portion and people are more attracted towards violence. The article discusses invention of superher oes during late 1930s in order to response to

Fossil Fuels Vs. Renewable Energy - 1693 Words

Fossil fuels have been essential in the development of most industrial nations, there are a few realities of using them that these societies needs to come to terms with and they are most importantly the fact that these fossil fuels are finite and that they are detrimental to the health of our planet. With the growing need for our planet to steer away from the burning of fossil fuels, it has become inherent that we are very reliant on the burning of them to supply our energy demand, so much that it has become a daunting task to steer away from these fossil fuels and transforming to more environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. The issues that arises from switching our energy supply system from nonrenewable resources to renewable resources is much bigger than just the impact that they have on the environment; eventually these fossil fuels are going to run out and the demand for alternate forms of energy then rises. Currently in the United States, only 8% of our energy needs are met by renewable energy and of that 8% only 4% is supplied by wind energy; all other energy is supplied by nonrenewable resources (Wyoming Renewable 2013- 2015). The need for expansion of renewable energies is critical for the development of our nation and for the long term existence of our environment. In order to reverse global climate change the advancement of renewable technology must be explored more intensively. Wind energy is one of the biggest form of renewable energy source that isShow MoreRelatedFossil Fuels Vs. Renewable Energy Essay967 Words   |  4 Pageswider in various fields. And mainly used input for this engines are fossil fuels. But the challenge in this is decreasing rate of resources. The fossil fuels may not be available after some years if they used in the same way .Not only the fossil but also the electric power is the non renewable energy, This paper concentrates to run the engine without fossil fuels or electricity. Keywords – IC Engines, fossil fuels , non renewable energy I. INTRODUCTION In today’s motorized life , It’s difficult toRead MoreU.s. Should Replace Fossil Fuel With Renewable Energy994 Words   |  4 PagesGomez Professor Melissa Tran English 061 26754 14 November 2016 Renewable Energy The U.S. should replace fossil fuel with renewable energy. There are many reasons that the U.S. can use renewable energy to improve the economy. First of all, renewable energy can have a more stable price. Unlike fossil fuel, renewable energy is a continual source of energy that will not be as demanded, and will not cause inflation. Next, using renewable energy is a key to having a clean and green environment. It will notRead MoreRenewable Energy : An Essential Function Of Protecting Humans1454 Words   |  6 PagesEvery day fossil fuels are heavily emitting greenhouse gases leading to the destruction of the ozone layer and limiting the ozone’s ability to perform an essential function of protecting humans from deadly UV rays. Many ideas for solutions are being researched to help prevent these emissions, but the most promising solution is going green and eliminating fossil fuels. Although conventional energy such as coal, gas, and crude oil are the most popular energy source s, renewable energy including solarRead MoreNuclear Fusion And Nuclear Energy Essay1638 Words   |  7 Pages ¬Nuclear energy is energy in the nucleus (core) of an atom. Atoms are tiny particles that make up every object in the universe. There is enormous energy in the bonds that hold atoms together. Nuclear energy can be used to make electricity. But first the energy must be released. It can be released from atoms in two ways: nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. In nuclear fusion, energy is released when atoms are combined or fused together to form a larger atom. This is how the sun produces energy. In nuclearRead MoreImpact Of Climate Change Policy On Employment Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesthe global warming. In 2013, 81.2% of the energy consumption in the world are produced by fossil fuel (International Energy Agency). Could you imagine how much greenhouse gases are produced? Ever since 1980s, scientist has found that the emission of the greenhouse gases is the major facto r contributes to the global warming, which intensify the climate change that the human civilization may collapse one day. In the book This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, the author Naomi Klein describesRead MoreRenewable Forms of Energy: Wind Energy Essay1320 Words   |  6 PagesRenewable forms of energy are becoming more and more necessary for a sustainable future. Wind energy is a form of energy that is becoming more and more popular, and it offers a way for people to harness energy from something natural to create electricity. Wind energy in addition to other sustainable forms of creating energy are going to start taking the place of fossil fuels as people realize the true benefits of using them. There are many benefits of using wind energy in comparison to using fossilRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Climate Change1740 Words   |  7 PagesBy 2014, about 81% of the total 98.3 quadrillion Btu of energy used are produced by burning petroleum, natural gas, and coal in the United States (US EIA). Could you imagine how much greenhouse gases are produced in the energy extraction process, and how could these gases intensify global warming and climate change? In Naomi Klein’s book, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs the Climate, Klein describes climate change as a catastrophic crisis that the whole world is encountering. Hundreds of citiesRead MoreEssay On The World In 20501215 Words   |  5 PagesThe World in 2050: Energy Climate Change Overview: Successfully reducing the effects of climate change to meet the goal set by the Paris Agreement, to keep warming well below +2ËšC (relative to pre-industrial temperatures), requires implementing policies that allow people the autonomy to be creative, enjoy life, and do what they desire to do, while at the same time, limiting the amount of global warming (â€Å"Energy,† 2017). The issue: Implementing policies that will successfully meet the goal setRead MoreAdvantages and Uses of Biofuels Essay examples703 Words   |  3 PagesDr Andrew Zimmerman Jones, the Definition of energy is: Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work. Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electrical, or other forms (1) A simpler definition is: Energy is the ability to do work and cause change (2) Renewable vs. non renewable: The definition of bio fuels: â€Å"Bio fuel is defined as solid, liquid or gaseous fuel obtained from relatively recently lifeless orRead MoreEssay Biodiesel vs. Ethanol1076 Words   |  5 PagesBiodiesel vs. Ethanol Both biodiesel and ethanol are derivatives of biomass that have been processed to create a liquid biofuel. Both types of biofuels have been touted as secure and environmentally safe alternatives to fossil fuels, however the research verifying these claims is extensive but often contradicting. In the following paper, the efficiency and quality of the two types of biofuel will be discussed. The effects of variables such as source materials and production techniques on efficiency

Synthetic Biology Transplanting an Artificial DNA to a...

Technical procedure of synthia creation[3]: In 1995, a team led by Venter sequenced the genome of Mycoplasma genitalium, a bacteria with smallest complement of genes capable of growth in laboratory. Initially the team decided to use genitalium as the donor bacteria but later they decided to switch to M. mycoides as M. genitalium has very slow growth rate. Initially the attempt to extract genome from mycoides and transplant it to capricolum failed because they found that the genome from the donor was methylated while the genomes in recipient yeast are unmethylated. So they methylated the donor with methylases for the process. The first step is to decode the DNA from the Mycoplasma mycoides. This is followed by synthetically creating the†¦show more content†¦Technical procedure: There are two classifications of a cell namely, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryote are a type of organisms which lack a nucleus bound by a membrane. Eukaryote are a type of organisms which have a nucleus enclosed inside membrane. A species of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae has around 6000 genes. And most of which are found to be non-essential [1]. The task is to remove all those non-essential genes or insert new sequences without affecting the organism. A synlll chromosome was designed in accordance to the stability of the gene as per Synthetic Yeast 2.0 specifications [2]. By inserting new sequences and deletion of non-essential sequences a new sequence i.e, the sequence that is going to be induced is first formed in computer. The next step is to synthesize the building blocks from oligonucleotides. Once these building blocks are synthesized they are then assembled in chunks of 2-4 KB sizes. A number of these small chunks are then used to replace in the native chromosome. By iteratively replacing the original with the new chunks a full replacement of the original chromosome with syn3 is produced. The DNA sequencing of syn3 strain genome has 10 differences with the newly sequence. These were either simple insertions or deletions. There are nearly 100 loxPsym[2] markers (The markers that are added at the end of unessentialShow MoreRelatedEssay on Is Frankenstein a reality?1954 Words   |  8 Pages Screen writers are releasing vivid movies showing the possibilities of the future involving DNA creation, curing diseases, and bringing life back from the dead. Although, it seems that each movie brings grief to human kind and must be destroyed in the end, confirming that the scientist are playing God. The Deep Blue Sea was a movie about a scientist that tries to cure Alzheimer’s Disease using shark DNA; the only problem is that the scientist makes the shark super intelligent, faster, and more dangerousRead MoreAn Introduction to Hydrophonics and Controlled Environment Agriculture40110 Words   |  161 PagesGREENHOUSES: People want to â€Å"grow out of season† (i.e. , have tomatoes in Winter) or grow plants where they don’t normally grow (i.e., lettuce, a cold weather crop, in Tucson in the Summer!). Therefore, move the plant from the natural environment to an artificial one†¦ using protected agriculture and/or greenhouses. Modify or control the temperature, relative humidity, CO2, light, etc., to provide optimum conditions to grow any crop any time anywhere! What discoveries had to be made in order to develop the

Little Things Big Things Grow for Analysis - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLittle Things Big Things Grow for Analysis. Answer: The essay analyses the various aspects of the song From Little Things Big Things Grow. The song represents the story of Vincent Lingiari, the famous aboriginal rights activist and his struggle for acquiring land rights. This is a song of protest of the indigenous Australian who were demanding for land rights. It was written by Paul Kelly, Kev Carmody and The Messengers for their album Comedy in 1991. The lyrics of the song introduces the struggle of the Gurindji people with the world. The song discloses that their fight is not a physical one but psychological yet existing one. The lyrics celebrates the eight yearlong psychological war the Gurindji people headed by Vincent Lingiari. The lyricist has written the song with a story tellers voice and used aboriginal music instruments that Lingiari used to play like didgeridoo to enhance the acceptability of the song. The structure of the song is rhythmic with a storytelling tone. The speaker is urging for successful reaching of the story he is about to convey Gather round people, I'll tell you a story/ An eight-year long story of power and pride The chorus repeats the name of the song after every second stanza. It emphasises to convey the main idea or theme of the song. The term little refers to the typical idea of powerlessness of the aboriginal Gurindji people. Eventually the term big conveys the message that their protest will be successful to get their land back. The language of the song is simple yet overwhelming. In this aspect also the audience can feel the presence of the story teller who tells the story of the conflict between lord Vestey and Lingiari. The language clearly establishes the story of power and pride. The first two stanzas record the background and from there on the speaker draws a picture of deprived people who worked for nothing. They were deprived of the land they once cultivated as well as mined Where once they had gathered the wealth of the land. Towards the end the story teller brings the audience on the favour of the exploited people by describing their righteous claim for land and finally their victory. The language has appropriately described the theme of the song. Despite the fact that the song falls in the genre of rock, the melody as well as rhythm overwhelm the listeners. Again the style of narration connects the listeners with the central idea that is the conflict between the white and blacks regarding equal pay as well as land rights. The dynamic structure of the song reveals the impact of the actions of Vincent Lingiari to seize the land rights back to the aborigines. The wonderful texture weaves the incidents chronologically and reflects the ultimate objective of the theme. Therefore, it can be concluded that the song by Paul Kelly and Kev Carmody responses the governments first big push regarding the aboriginal land rights as well as equal payment. From Little Things Big Things Grow demonstrates how Lingiari stood up for Commonwealth Aboriginal Land Rights and changed the Australian history.

Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior free essay sample

Question: . Some people believe that group sport as football or hockey too competitive and encourage the worst side of human behavior They should be replaced by non-competitive exercise- based activities like jogging swimming that also keep us fit. What do you think? Playing sports is beneficial for our health, especially for people who have lots of work to do, which takes up much sporting time nowadays. There are two types of sports: competitive sports and non-competitive sports. In some sense two or more people who exercise together can be called a competition (Competitive sports 2009, p. online). People who like sports have their own reasons for choosing different types of sports. On the whole, competitive sports are team work. Joining the game is the best way to show yourself and a â€Å"must win† attitude is essential (Competitive sports 2007, p. online). At the same time, we should study how to get along well with each other, and not just show off; that will serve to isolate us. We will write a custom essay sample on Some People Believe That Group Sport as Football or Hockey Too Competitive and Encourage the Worst Side of Human Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It’s the why and wherefore we must have competition rules. However, competition does exist. It’s fierce on losers. They may not only loss the game, but also lose their faith. So, before we join competitive sports, we must make sure we can admit defeat. When we play sports such as football, badminton etc, we also have to look after our bodies because competitive sports make people try their best to win the game; we need to protect our bodies from harm (Competitive sports 2009, p. online). On top of that there’s a wide variety of non-competition sports like street boarding. Maybe competition sports can be time-consuming compared with non-competitive sports, which ofter more personality and convention. There is no time limit. We can enjoy ourselves. Non-competitive sports mean we just challenge ourselves. Most of the non-competitive sports are conditions our body through the many exercises; we can believe that it is a good way to improve our bodies. It benefits our health both physically and psychologically. Though practice we become more confident and stronger. When we enjoy non-competitive sports, safety is very important. Lots of games are dangerous for us. Engaging in more sports than your body can assume, may harm it. After you know the rules you must find an expert person to teach you if you are playing street boarding for the first time. Which one is better for us to play? The answer depends on our hobbies, physical fitness and time. In other words, if we don’t like to eat onions but we eat them maybe we will feel terrible. But from my point of view, everyone likes sports. There are no exceptions because sports are exciting. Generally, competition sport maybe suits most persons who like challenges entrance can choose non-competitive sports. Both these two sports give us the motivation to win the game. References Competitive sports (2009), Time for change [Online]. Available at: http://www. china. org. cn/english/features/Brief/193368. htm. [Accessed 12 October, 2009] Competitive sports (2009), Time for change [Online]. Available at: Http://www. dailyecho. co. uk/news/1066958. school_sports_days_put_children_off_sp ort_mp/[Accessed 12 October, 2009]

Professional Organization Meeting Summary Example

Professional Organization Meeting Summary Example Professional Organization Meeting Summary – Coursework Example Summary of the Houston Association of Nurse Practitioner (HANP) Meeting The Houston Association of Nurse Practitioners (HANP) meeting was convened todiscuss the effect of a once weekly therapy on A1C and weight over three years. The venue of the meeting was at Maggianos Little Italy and it was sponsored by AztraZaneca. It was scheduled to run from 6 pm to 8: 30 pm. From 6pm to 7pm, all participants were required to register and also interact with other participants. During this networking time, I was able to make three new friends. Two of them had been previous students while one was a current student. The speaker presentation was designed to run between 7pm to 8 pm. It also included a Q & A section. This presentation mainly covered the BYDUREON drug. BYDUREON is basically an injectable medicine used to treat type 2 diabetes by controlling the blood sugar level. Thus, BYDUREON aids a patient’s pancreas to efficiently produce the required insulin. The drug tends to increase the risk of thyroid c cell tumors in patients. Therefore, patients have to be counseled and informed about the symptoms and risk of thyroid tumors. Additionally, patients with a family or personal history of thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 should not be given or should not use the drug. Although studies carried out on animals prove that the drug causes thyroid tumors, it is still unknown if it will cause thyroid tumors in human beings. This is mainly because high doses are used in animal tests. Thus, it is advisable to administer the drug to a patient only when the benefits outweigh the risks. The warnings and precautions mainly state that the drug should not be administered to patients with renal impairment and gastrointestinal disease. Also, the drug tends to cause serious injection site reactions. Furthermore, the drug causes some adverse reactions such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea and injection site pruritus. Moreover, the drug interacts adversely with warfar in. The drug is not recommended to be used on pediatric patients, and pregnant and nursing women. After the end of the presentation and Q & A section, other business announcements were handled between 8 pm to 8:30pm. It was at this juncture that scholarships were awarded to two NPs and one DNP before the meeting was declared over.

Financial Report on HUAYI BROTHERS MEDIA CORPORATION Essay

Financial Report on HUAYI BROTHERS MEDIA CORPORATION - Essay Example In 2011, the company’s current assets amount, 1403.42 was 3.99 times the amount of current liabilities, 351.91. On the other hand, the company’s 2012 current assets amount, 2,562.33 was only 1.66 times the amount of current liabilities, 1,544.15. The financial statement analysis indicates the company’s current ratio had declined between the 2011 and 2012, comparing their 3rd quarter business performances. The current ratio shows that the company has more than enough current assets available to pay the company’s current liabilities (Drury 496). The company’s gross ratio shows the relationship between the company’s net income amount and net sales figures (http://www.google.com/finance?q=SHE:300027&fstype=ii ). In terms of third quarter financial performance, the Huayi Brothers Media Corporation’s net profit margin ratio shows an unfavorable business performance picture. In 2011, the company’s net profit amount, 102.49 was 21 percent of the amount of net sales, 481.30. On the other hand, the company’s 2012 Net Income amount, 130.91 was only 18 percent of the amount of net sales, 707.80. The financial statement analysis indicates the company’s net profit ratio had dropped between the 2011 and 2012, when analyzing their 3rd quarter financial operations (Drury 185). The above return on investment graph shows how long the company will be able to recover its investments (http://www.google.com/finance?q=SHE:300027&fstype=ii). Recovering the investments in a shorter recovery time is better than a longer recovery time period. In terms of third quarter financial performance, the Huayi Brothers Media Corporation’s return on investment ratio shows an unfavorable business performance picture. In 2011, the company’s net profit amount, 102.49 was 7percent of the amount of Total Assets, 1,403.42. On the other hand, the company’s 2012 Net Income amount, 130.91 was only 18 percent of the amount of net sales, 707.80. The financial statement

The unfair portrayal of Islam in the West Essay

The unfair portrayal of Islam in the West - Essay Example Muslims all over the world are now seen with contempt and hatred by the western community. This is more like a generalization about the whole western world but to some extent it is true. Some important questions arise as to who is responsible for this drastic transformation? Why has such a change taken place? Why does West feel threatened by Islam? For how long this war between West and Islam will continue? What can be done to change the image of Islam in the minds of the western community? For decades there has been a social war between the west and Islam. Their concepts and culture differ from the very beginning. There has always been a very well defined boundary between both the worlds. One cannot ignore the fact that power of the whole world lies in the hands of the West. The West sees Islam as a conservative religion and considers the followers of this religion as narrow-minded beings. Muslims all over the world are being discriminated and in some places it is even seen that they are humiliated. But this is more like digging into the past and gaining evidence on the basis of social sciences. The present scenario of the world is more important to answer the above mentioned questions (Shadid & Koningsveld 2002). It all started when the world was shaken by the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Centre. According to the investigation reports it was found that the people responsible for these attacks were Muslims. This was the first time when the whole world came to know about Taliban and Al-Qaeda. These are Muslim groups that are believed to be the backbone of all terrorist activities going on in the present world. In the last decade this world has faced the most ominous terrorism events. A list of examples can be quoted where the West has linked Muslims to terrorism in the present day. London Bombings and Mumbai Bombings are a great example of such events. After the 9/11 attacks, London also fell as a victim to the terrorist activity. On July7, 2005 London’s transportation system was hit by deadly explosions. Three bombs exploded in the underground tubes and one explosion took place in a double Decker bus. Together these four suicide bombings took away the lives of fifty-six innocent peo ple and left more than seven hundred and fifty injured. When the investigation report was issued, it stated that the attacks were conducted by group of Muslim people. And the reason stated for the motivation of these attacks was that this group of people wanted justice because they perceived that West was unjust to the Muslims. But the authorities failed to report how these attacks took place and even the involvement of Al-Qaeda remained unclear in the report. Now this is where the role of media came in (BBC News 2005; Amin 2003). Media has been the main factor after the terrorist activity that has led to the deterioration of the image of Islam in the minds of the Western community. Media exaggerates all such activities by showing sick videos of the event and its victims. The vocabulary that the media uses to narrate such events is enough to cause disgust against the Muslims. This all sounds more like a game. It all seems like the West is trying to plot against Muslims. Western medi a is the strongest and the most impactful media. They show what they want to and create the exact impact that they aim to (Amin 2003). Everything is in bits and pieces but when joined together it all gives the same conclusion that Muslims have been cornered out by the West. Now the situation is that whenever a terrorist activity takes place, even before the investigation starts, Muslims are believed to be behind that. And somehow or the other, evidence is created in such a way that the end result is that Muslims are behind the whole terrorist

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay Example for Free

D. Forecast for Next 12-18 months Essay The world economic outlook is bright. World GDP growth is forecast to average slightly more than 4 percent per annum during 2006-2007. Asia will continue to act as the primary engine of global growth, though activity will also be supported by continued U. S. economic expansion of almost 3 percent annually. China will continue to register robust growth of slightly more than 9 percent per annum, and output will continue to increase rapidly also in India. Japan also appears to be entering a longer phase of stable growth. The positive global environment will be reinforced by the Euro Area, where economic growth is forecast to accelerate in response to a recovery in domestic demand (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy). The National Institute of Economic and Social Research has recently released a set of forecasts regarding the state of world economy in 2007. Below are listed some of the key points: Global growth will quicken to 5. 1 per cent this year falling back only a bit in 2007 to a still rapid 4. 7 per cent. Inflationary pressures are rising, mainly owing to higher oil prices, but the impact of rising oil prices on inflation and output is now more muted than in the past. Global imbalances remain marked and the dollar may have to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to halve the US current-account deficit. The US economy will grow by over 3 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, but inflationary pressures are mounting. The Japanese economic recovery has become self-sustaining and GDP will rise by 3. 1 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 6 per cent in 2007. The Euro Area will expand by around 2 per cent a year in both 2006 and 2007, and consumer price inflation will average about 2. 5 per cent in both years. The NIESR report goes on to elaborate upon the aforementioned points: Advanced countries in the OECD bloc are participating in the upswing but the main reason for the current period of exceptionally strong global growth is the long boom in China. In 2005, China represented 15. 4 per cent of global GDP on a purchasing-power parity basis, up from 3. 4 per cent in 1980. Global inflation is rising in response to higher oil prices, but much less so than in the past. New estimates suggest that a $10 permanent rise in oil prices will add 0. 2 to 0. 4 percentage points to inflation in the United States in the four years to 2009, with a somewhat smaller impact in the Euro Area, and a still smaller effect in the UK. The global upswing continues to be accompanied by major imbalances, notably the scale of the US current account deficit, which widened by 4. 5 percentage points of GDP between 1997 and 2005. Since this deterioration has mainly financed increased consumer spending rather than productive investment, financial markets may conclude that the deficit is not sustainable. It is estimated that the dollar’s value against a basket of currencies needs to fall by a further 30 per cent in order to reduce the current account deficit by 3 percentage points of GDP. The US economy will grow by 3. 6 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 1 per cent in 2007. The economy continues to be driven mainly by consumption, which will increase by 3. 3 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 9 per cent in 2007. Housing investment is slackening but business investment, stimulated by high corporate profits, will buoy growth this year and next. Inflation is picking up and the private consumption deflator will rise by 3. 0 per cent in 2006 and by 3. 3 per cent in 2007. There now appears little doubt that the Japanese recovery from the bleak period of deflation and stagnation has become self-sustaining. The economy grew by 3. 5 per cent in the year to the first quarter of 2006 . Business investment is expanding strongly and consumer spending is expected to grow by 1. 9 per cent a year in 2006 and 2007. Average earnings, which had been falling earlier in the decade, will grow by 0. 8 per cent in 2006 and by 2. 8 per cent in 2007. The outlook for the Euro Area is for higher inflation despite a fairly modest recovery. Consumer prices will rise by 2. 6 per cent in 2006 compared with 2. 2 per cent in 2005. Tighter monetary conditions together with measures in Germany to cut the budget deficit will hold back growth in consumption and GDP in the Euro Area. Consumer spending will also be restrained by sluggish growth in average earnings as the corporate sector manages to retain its increased profitability (Barrell et al, 8-31).

Iago as the Hero of Shakespeares Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Sha

Iago as the Hero of Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚   A Shakespearean play always includes a typical villain character. He is boisterous, egotistical, sometimes witty, and all too eager to seek revenge. In William Shakespeare Othello, Iago is the well-liked, trusted, and brave ensign of the great Venetian general Othello, or so it appears. Iago actually possesses all of the typical villainous qualities, however Iago conducts himself with great composure, and by manipulating his counterparts, he makes people believe he is on their side. I find this characteristic to be a very intriguing one that is not easy to perform. It is perhaps Iago's villainous actions throughout this play that lead me to believe that he is the hero rather than the typical villain. In the first scene of the play, we learn that Iago is jealous of Cassio because he has just received the rank of lieutenant, which Iago was expecting to receive. It is also obvious to the reader that Iago is contemptous of Othello who granted Cassio such a high ranking. From this point on Iago is able to It is from this scene on that Iago uses his brilliance to capture the attention of the people, both onstage and off. In order to do this Iago begins by informing the Moor that his new father-in-law has found out about his new relationship to Othello, and in turn he is very angry. However, a scene earlier Iago is the one who skillfully informs Barbantio that his daughter has run off with the Moor, but he did not actually do the telling. Instead Iago used more convincing words in order to get Roderigo to think he would win the new brides heart, if only he attempted to break up the marriage first by telling the father. When Iago finally tells the Moor that Barbantio is coming for him, we ... ...ns, he does not have to be a nice man, he just has to be able to act like one. A man who can change his entire demeanor with the wind, does not have to be viewed as a role model, but he is a hero in my mind. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Othello. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Shakespeare, William.   â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice.†Ã‚   The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces.   Ed. Sarah Lawall.   New York and London:   W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.   2115 – 2192. Vaughan, Virginia Mason, and Kent Cartwright, eds. Othello: New Perspectives. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press, 1991.    Iago as the Hero of Shakespeare's Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Sha Iago as the Hero of Othello      Ã‚  Ã‚   A Shakespearean play always includes a typical villain character. He is boisterous, egotistical, sometimes witty, and all too eager to seek revenge. In William Shakespeare Othello, Iago is the well-liked, trusted, and brave ensign of the great Venetian general Othello, or so it appears. Iago actually possesses all of the typical villainous qualities, however Iago conducts himself with great composure, and by manipulating his counterparts, he makes people believe he is on their side. I find this characteristic to be a very intriguing one that is not easy to perform. It is perhaps Iago's villainous actions throughout this play that lead me to believe that he is the hero rather than the typical villain. In the first scene of the play, we learn that Iago is jealous of Cassio because he has just received the rank of lieutenant, which Iago was expecting to receive. It is also obvious to the reader that Iago is contemptous of Othello who granted Cassio such a high ranking. From this point on Iago is able to It is from this scene on that Iago uses his brilliance to capture the attention of the people, both onstage and off. In order to do this Iago begins by informing the Moor that his new father-in-law has found out about his new relationship to Othello, and in turn he is very angry. However, a scene earlier Iago is the one who skillfully informs Barbantio that his daughter has run off with the Moor, but he did not actually do the telling. Instead Iago used more convincing words in order to get Roderigo to think he would win the new brides heart, if only he attempted to break up the marriage first by telling the father. When Iago finally tells the Moor that Barbantio is coming for him, we ... ...ns, he does not have to be a nice man, he just has to be able to act like one. A man who can change his entire demeanor with the wind, does not have to be viewed as a role model, but he is a hero in my mind. Works Cited and Consulted Bloom, Harold, ed. Modern Critical Interpretations: William Shakespeare's Othello. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare's Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. (page 39-55) Shakespeare, William.   â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice.†Ã‚   The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces.   Ed. Sarah Lawall.   New York and London:   W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.   2115 – 2192. Vaughan, Virginia Mason, and Kent Cartwright, eds. Othello: New Perspectives. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Press, 1991.   

The Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship

Carine Garcon ANT 3212 Wayne A. Abrahamson Spring 2013 The Socio-Cultural Impact on Love, Marriage, and Kinship One’s perspective of the world is consistently altered by our surroundings and influenced by the events that take place. In the past approximately 50 years divorce rates have risen a significant incredibly high. Many researchers have associated this phenomena the contemporary society marriage symbolizes and values. This idea and representation of love have conversely affected and impacted relationships. Thus, the topic that will be investigated is how society and cultural has affected our notion of love, marriage, and kinship.One of the ways society has impacted the notion of marriage is that fact that the government attempts to regulate marriages. â€Å"A few states realize the importance of marriage, and they have taken action to try to change our notion on marriage. Louisiana, Arizona, and Arkansas they believed in covenant marriages. According to the journal cov enant marriage required the following†¦ This movement set out to promote and strengthen marriages, reduce divorce rates, lessen the number of children born out of wedlock, discourages cohabitation, and frame marriage as an honorable and desirable institution. † (Hawkins et al. 002:166) Because of the fact that the contemporary culture has lost sight of the significance of marriage, the government attempted to regulate the marriages within certain states. Furthermore, the state of Florida has made it harder for couples to get married and also get a divorce. The state has now implemented a 3- day waiting period for marriage licenses if couples do not seek premarital education, hoping to reduce impulsive, ill-advised unions. (Hawkins et al. 2002:166) It is clear why the government has attempted to regulate and restrict the amount of marriages that potentially can happen.Years ago marriage was considered to be a divine, sacred union shared between two people before God. This union was intended to be a union that lasted a lifetime and previously the option to dissipate the marriage did not exist. In the current state of marriage, people get married they do not see it as something that is supposed to be forever, but instead as something temporarily. Divorce has become too easy and feasible for people to obtain. I personally believe this current generation people confuse lust for love. Most people would tell someone that they love them, but instead it is really lust.It seems that no one really knows the differences between lust and love, so the two words are commonly mistaken and used in the wrong way. Even in movies and mass entertainment, love and relationships are portrayed negatively with glamour. The typical story begins with a man who convinces a girl with the idea and possibility of love. Once she is vulnerable the couple would most likely indulge in sexual intercourse. When this happens the man then leaves, the woman regrets the decision. These thi ngs are glamourized and popularized by the mass media and a result, the youth is then influenced to mimic the same.The psychological effects of the mass media are subtle, but long-term. (Galician 2004) As a child coming from a Christian background I read the bible very often. The bible is a great source to view and analyze the changes that have happened throughout the last 5 decades, because much of the ideals were based upon its contents. In the book of Matthew chapter 22:36-44 it states, â€Å"Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law? † Jesus replied: â€Å"Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with your mind.This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second command is similar stating, â€Å"Love your neighbor as yourself. All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments. † (Matthew 22:36-44) Out of all the Ten Commandments these two were considered to be the most coveted and highly regarded. This emph asis on the idea that love should be a highly heralded and powerful word in is uses and approach. The order in which these commandments are given, also place emphasis and attention towards how one who is reading the text should perceive it.In the journal, On A Paradox Of Christian Love Liu exclaimed that these two commandments direct ones love to distinct objects. (Liu 2007:681) The commandments were placed in a certain order as â€Å"first† and â€Å"second† to illustrate importance and respect. By putting these commandments in an order it is assumed that the one must achieve a spiritual love with everything in your body and mind, and only after can you love can love someone else (neighbor). The bible has influenced a large amount of the Western society and culture. From a biblical stand point you cannot love anyone else unless your love is rooted with a divine spirit.I believe that if it has to do with our culture then inversely it pertains to love, thus as a society we are blinded by what we want to see. It is critical that one see’s the need to learn to take time and careful thought into deciding whether or not we’re in love. Love is patient, so it’s okay to take your time to fall for someone because if it is true love than it will reveal itself in its own right. Also, the stress placed upon by people on love results in the spending of time and hours wondering if there is true love in their relationship.The impact that culture has had on the social relations of love have led to the belief that love is based off of what one can do for the other, while in its essence and purity love isn’t based on that logic and reasoning but emotion and feeling. In the textbook it explains how a man spent most of his time away from his home, so the child grew up under the influence of their mothers and matrilineal relatives. If praise or shame failed to control the behavior of children, the withdrawal of maternal affection had a pow erful effect. King 2003) In today’s culture and society the result adverse conditions and occurrences are happening. By contemporary society, men are supposed to be considered as the primary provider for their families. Women are widely considered to be the ones that bear the responsibility of child bearing and maintaining the stability and homeostasis of the home. Though the effect is not the extent and extreme of a mother taking away her affection from a child, but the equivalent in terms of linearity would be a mother in this day and age placing the child in time out as a form of punishment.This idea also delves a deeper in the explanation of adolescent girls who become â€Å"quickly incorporated into the highly organized female kinship group, and boys [who] sought out special friendships with each other to provide mutual support in adulthood. † (King 2003) In analyzation how love is specially affected by the socio-cultural factors of today, the analysis of the term ‘kinship’ can be addressed to further the discussion. Kinship isn’t just considered to be relationship through blood, but it also means relation by marriage, or adoption.Again television and mass has led us to believe that most families are generally tight knit and very close, but in reality most families are seriously dysfunctional. (Galician 2004) Throughout all of this dysfunction, families still manage to find some form of stability amongst them. Overall kin generally stick together, and maintain a decent relationship with each other. In the textbook King explains how marriages takes place in the Ancient areas towards the east (Massachusett, Iroquois, Cherokee). He explained that if a man had a bride in mind he would have two options.Ask a family to propose a match to the other family, or to attract the girl himself. If the guy proved himself to be worthy the family would accept the couples sexual relationship, and if it eventually at the end of the process a wedding would take place. (King 2003) The family tests the couple’s relationship based upon the sex and essentially, if the sex was proven adequate, then the couple would then get married. King further explained that an ordinary man would take extra wives to help around with their community duties or ambitions.Furthermore, in this time period bride service was very common. A new husband would go live with his in-laws to perform these duties. (King 2003) These days, a new husband would not go live with his in- laws and he most certainly wouldn’t be performing bride services. This is one example of the extreme changes that have occurred socially and culturally in regards to marriage. Conclusively, culture and media has had an impact on how we view marriage, love, and kinship. Most people no longer view marriage as being permanent, but instead as being temporary.They no longer believe in fighting to make their relationship work, they’d much rather divorce or sepa rate and prevent and reconciliation in their differences. It is worldwide postulation that love is difficult, but our culture has misled us to believe that love is effortlessly attainable. Even in regards to kinship, part of love and relationships with anyone is to maintain ties with your family. Overall, because of the socio-cultural conditions the ideas of relationships are ever changing and thus complex in its nature.References Cited Galician, M. (2004). Sex, love & romance in the mass media analysis & criticism of unrealistic portrayals & their influence. Mahwah, N. J. : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. King, Glenn. Traditional Cultures: A Survey of Nonwestern Experience and Achievement. (2003). Waveland Press, Long Grove, IL. Hawkins, Alan J. , Steven L. Nock, Julia C. Wilson, Laura Sanchez, and James D. Wright. â€Å"Attitudes About Covenant Marriage and Divorce: Policy Implications From a Three-State Comparison*. † Family Relations 51. (2002): 166-175. Web. Huston, Ted L. â€Å"The Social Ecology of Marriage and Other Intimate Unions. † Journal of Marriage and Family 62. 2 (2000): 298-320. Web. 05 Feb. 2013. Liu, Qingping. â€Å"On A Paradox Of Christian Love. † Journal of Religious Ethics 35. 4 (2007): 681-94. Print. â€Å"Matthew 22:36-44. † The Holy Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments Translated out of the Original Tongues and with the Former Translations Diligently Compared and Revised by His Majesty's Special Command. Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1979. N. Print.

Discover Trompe lOeil Art in Painting and Architecture

French for fool the eye,  trompe loeil art creates the illusion of reality. Through skillful use of color, shading, and perspective, painted objects appear three-dimensional.  Faux finishes like marbling and wood graining add to the trompe loeil effect. Applied to furniture, paintings, walls, ceilings, decorative items, set designs, or building facades, trompe l’oeil art inspires a gasp of surprise and wonder. Although tromper means to deceive, viewers are often willing participants, delighting in the visual trickery. Trompe l'Oeil Art Shading and perspectiveFaux finishes3-D effects Pronounced tromp loi, trompe-l’oeil may be spelled with or without a hyphen. In French, the  Ã…“  ligature is used:  trompe l’œil. Realistic artworks were not described as trompe-loeil until the late 1800s, but the desire to capture reality dates back to ancient times. Early Frescoes Fresco from the House of Meleagro, Pompeii,1st Century.   Photo  ©DEA / G. NIMATALLAH/ Getty   In ancient Greece and Rome, artisans applied pigments to wet plaster to create life-like details. Flat surfaces appeared three dimensional when painters added false columns, corbels, and other architectural ornaments. The Greek artist Zeuxis (5th century B.C.) is said to have painted grapes so convincing, even birds were deceived. Frescoes (plaster wall paintings) found in Pompeii and other archaeological sites contain trompe loeil elements. For many centuries, artists continued to use the wet plaster method to transform interior spaces. In villas, palaces, churches, and cathedrals, trompe loeil images gave the illusion of vast space and distant vistas. Through the magic of perspective and skillful use of light and shadow, domes became sky and windowless spaces opened to imaginary vistas. Renaissance artist Michelangelo (1475 -1564) used wet plaster when he filled the vast ceiling of the Sistine Chapel with cascading angels, Biblical figures, and an enormous bearded God surrounded by trompe loeil columns and beams. Secret Formulas Dresden Triptych, Oil on Oak, 1437, by Jan van Eyck. Dresden State Art Collections, Gemà ¤ldegalerie Alte Meisterm.   DEA / E. LESSING / Getty Images By painting with wet plaster, artists could give walls and ceilings rich color and a sense of depth. However, plaster dries quickly. Even the greatest fresco painters could not achieve subtle blending or precise details. For smaller paintings, European artists commonly used egg-based tempera applied to wood panels. This medium was easier to work with, but it also dried quickly. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, artists searched for new, more flexible paint formulas. The Northern European painter Jan Van Eyck (c.1395-c.1441) popularized the idea of adding boiled oil to pigments. Thin, nearly transparent glazes applied over wood panels gave objects a life-like gleam. Measuring less than thirteen inches long, Van Eycks Dresen Triptych is a tour de force with ultra real  images of Romanesque columns and arches. Viewers can imagine they are looking through a window into a Biblical scene. Faux carvings and tapestries enhance the illusion. Other Renaissance painters invented their own recipes, combining the traditional egg-based tempera formula with a variety of ingredients, from powdered bone to lead and walnut oil. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) used his own experimental oil and tempera formula when he painted his famous mural, The Last Supper. Tragically, da Vinci’s methods were flawed and the breathtakingly realistic details began to flake within a few years. Dutch Deceivers Tromp-loeil Still-Life, 1664, by Samuel Dirksz, vanHoogstraten. Dordrechts Museum Collection.   Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images During the 17th century, Flemish still life painters became known for optical illusions. Three-dimensional objects seemed to project from the frame. Open cabinets and archways suggested deep recesses. Stamps, letters, and news bulletins were depicted so convincingly, passersby might be tempted to pluck them from the painting. Sometimes images of brushes and palettes were included to call attention to the deception. There’s an air of delight in the artistic trickery, and it’s possible that the Dutch masters competed in their efforts to conjure reality. Many developed new oil-and wax-based formulas, each claiming that their own offered superior properties. Artists like Gerard Houckgeest (1600-1661), Gerrit Dou (1613-1675), Samuel Dirksz  Hoogstraten  (1627-1678), and Evert Collier (c.1640-1710) could not have painted their magical deceptions if not for the versatility of the new mediums. Eventually, advanced technologies and mass-production made the painting formulas of the Dutch masters obsolete. Popular tastes moved toward expressionist and abstract styles. Nevertheless, a fascination for trompe loeil realism persisted through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. American artists De Scott Evans (1847-1898),  William Harnett (1848–1892), John Peto (1854–1907), and John Haberle (1856-1933) painted meticulous still lifes in the tradition of the Dutch illusionists. French-born painter and scholar Jacques Maroger (1884-1962) analyzed the properties of early paint mediums. His classic text,The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters, included recipes he claimed to have rediscovered. His theories reawakened interest in classical styles, stirred controversy, and inspired writers. Modern Magic Artist Tjalf Sparnaay with one of his megarealistic paintings. cc Tjalf Sparnaay   Merogers return to classical techniques was one of many realistic styles that emerged during the second half of the 20th century. Realism gave modern-day artists a way to explore and reinterpret the world with scientific precision and ironic detachment. Photorealists painstakingly reproduced photographic images. Hyperrealists toyed with realistic elements, exaggerating details, distorting scale, or juxtaposing figures and objects in unexpected ways.  Dutch painter Tjalf Sparnaay (shown above) calls himself a â€Å"megarealist† because he paints â€Å"mega-sized† versions of commercial products. My intention is to give these objects a soul and a renewed presence,† Sparnaay explains on his website. 3-D Street Art Mural for Fontainebleau Hotel, Richard Haas, Designer, Created 1985-86, Demolished 2002. Corbis Documentary / Getty Images Trompe l’oeil by contemporary artists  can be whimsical, satirical, disturbing, or surreal. Incorporated into paintings, murals, advertising posters, and sculpture, the deceptive images often defy the laws of physics and toy with our perception of the world. Artist Richard Haas made deft use of trompe l’oeil magic when he designed a six-story mural for the Fontainebleau Hotel in Miami. False finishes transformed a blank wall into a triumphal arch made of mortared stone blocks (shown above). The enormous fluted column, the twin caryatids, and the bass relief flamingos were tricks of light, shadow, and perspective.The sky and waterfall were also optical illusions, teasing passersby into believing they might stroll through the arch to the beach. The Fontainebleau mural entertained Miami visitors from 1986 until 2002, when the wall was demolished to make way for real, rather than trompe l’oeil, views of the waterside resort. Commercial wall art like the Fontainebleau mural is often transitory. Weather takes a toll, tastes change, and new construction replaces the old. Nevertheless, 3-D street art plays an important role in reshaping our urban landscapes. Time-bending murals by French artist Pierre Delavie conjure historic vistas. German artist Edgar Mueller turns street pavement into heart-thumping views of cliffs and caves. American artist John Pugh opens walls with eye-deceiving images of impossible scenes. In cities around the world, trompe loeil mural artists force us to ask: What is real? What is artifice? What is important? Sources Deceptions and Illusions: Five Centuries of Trompe LOeil Painting, by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer with essays by Sybille Ebert-Schifferer ... [et al.]; Catalog of an exhibition held at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., Oct. 13, 2002-Mar. 2, 2003.Historical Painting Techniques, Materials, and Studio Practice, by The J. Paul Getty Trust, 1995 [PDF, accessed April 22, 2017] ; https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/pdf/historical_paintings.pdfMusee du Trompe lOeil, http://www.museedutrompeloeil.com/en/trompe-loeil/The Secret Formulas and Techniques of the Masters by Jacques Maroger (trans.  Eleanor Beckham), New York: Studio Publications, 1948.